斐德若篇
最新书摘:
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Silenus2024-01-04And further, if you were to select the best from among your lovers, your choice would be made from a small number; but if from the rest of the world, you were to select the man who is most suitable to yourself, it would be made from a large number; so that there is far more reason to expect that in the larger number exists the one who is deserving of your attachment.If, moreover, you stand in awe of public opinion, and dread its reproaches on the affair being discovered, it is but natural to suppose that lovers, from an idea that others will deem them as happy as they esteem themselves, will be so elated as to talk of their intimacy, and with ostentatious vanity give all men to know that their labour has not been spent in vain; but that we on the other hand, who by never loving never lose...
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ROOT18862023-12-02like so many others of Plato’s works, it leaves its own questions unanswered. To question the Phaedrus, therefore, is to continue asking its questions. Asking its questions, questioning the answers we give them, and even disputing the interpretation of Socrates’ Great Speech given here, are, of course, doing philosophy.
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ROOT18862023-12-02The Phaedrus is not simply discarding a rusted tool that has outlived its usefulness. It is leaving behind a set of views that had led to the most valuable form human life can take; without such views such a life could not have been articulated in the first place. Socrates’ Great Speech exudes gratitude for what first made that life possible. It is a farewell to a dying friend; but its beauty has secured that friend an undying afterlife...since Plato first introduced the Forms, in the Symposium, through a speech on erōs (210e–212b), nothing would have been more appropriate than to have taken leave of them through a speech on the same topic.42 Erōs is literally the beginning and the end of the theory of Forms of Plato’s middle dialogues, and the Phaedrus is Plato’s valedictory address to ...
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ROOT18862023-12-02Since Plato treats these theories no longer as ends in themselves but as means, we can now read Socrates’ Great Speech as Plato’s farewell to the theory of Forms it describes
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ROOT18862023-12-02The countryside, for which Socrates has left Athens, has turned him, surprisingly, into an accomplished rhetorician. Much more surprisingly, however, it has provided him with an opportunity to cast doubt on views that, within the fiction of Plato’s dialogues, he had developed within the city walls. This Odysseus returns home from abroad a different man indeed.
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ROOT18862023-12-02the three speeches that form its first part turn out to be examples Plato puts forward in order to support the conclusions he reaches in the second. Taking the speeches as examples of rhetorical structure explains why erōs does not appear in the subsequent discussion. Plato is more interested in what the speeches show about the practice of rhetoric than in what they reveal about the nature of love.
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爱喝咖啡的猫2023-11-02对于文字,图提说:“大王,这件发明可以使埃及人受更多的教育,有更好的记忆力,它是医治教育和记忆力的良药!”国王回答说:“多才多艺的图提,能发明一种技术是一个人,能权衡应用那种技术利弊的是另一个人。现在你是文字的父亲,由于笃爱儿子的缘故,把文字的功用恰恰说反了!你这个发明结果会使学会文字的人们善忘,因为他们就不再努力记忆了。他们就信任书文,只凭外在的符号再认,并非凭内在的脑力回忆。所以你所发明的这剂药,只能医再认,不能医记忆。至于教育,你所拿给你的学生们的东西只是真实界的形似,而不是真实界的本身。因为借文字的帮助,他们可无须教练就可以吞下许多知识,好像无所不知,而实际上却一无所知。还不仅此,他们会讨人厌,因为自以为聪明而实在是不聪明。”
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迅迅2023-03-16图提说:“大王,这件发明可以使埃及人受更多的教育,有更好的记忆力,它是医治教育和记忆力的良药!”国王回答说:“多才多艺的图提,能发明一种技术是一个人,能权衡应用那种技术利弊的是另一个人。现在你是文字的父亲,由于笃爱儿子的缘故把文字的功用恰恰说反了!你这个发明结果会使学会文字的人们善忘,因为他们就不再努力记忆了。他们就信任书文,只凭外在的符号再认,并非凭内在的脑力回忆。所以你所发明的这剂药,只能医再认,不能医记忆。至于教育,你所拿给你的学生们的东西只是真实界的形似,而不是真实界的本身。因为借文字的帮助他们可无须教练就可以吞下许多知识,好像无所不知,而实际上却一无所知。还不仅此,他们会讨人厌,因为自以为聪明而是不聪明。
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momo2022-07-22我的美好的少年,有爱情的人的友谊就能给你这样伟大的神仙福分!但是如果和没有爱情的人来往,双方的关系就混杂着尘世的小心谨慎和尘世的寒酸打算,结果就不免在爱人的灵魂里养成俗人认作品德的庸陋,注定要在地面和地下滚来滚去,滚过九千年,而且常在愚味状态里滚。
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江户川乱语2021-12-05过去有一个时候,美本身看起来是光辉灿烂的。那时我们跟在宙斯的队伍里,旁人跟在旁神的队伍里,看到了那极乐的景象,参加了那深密教的人教典礼一一那深密教在一切深密教中可以说是达到最高神仙福分的:那时我们颂赞那深密教还保持着本来真性的完整,还没有染到后来我们要染到的那些罪恶;那时隆重的教典礼所揭开给我们看的那些景象全是完整的,单纯的,静穆的,欢喜的沉浸在最纯洁的光辉之中让我们凝视,而我们自己也是一样纯洁,还没有葬在这个叫作身体的坟墓里,还没有缚在肉体里,像一个蚌束缚在它的売里一样。暂且放下回忆不谈吧!因为留恋过去,我的话说得太长了!
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猪猪贝2021-08-28每逢他凝视爱人的美,那美就发出一道极微分子的流(因此它叫作“情波”),流注到他的灵魂里,于是他得到滋润,得到温暖,苦痛全消,觉得非常欢乐。若是他离开了那爱人,灵魂就失去滋润,他的毛根就干枯,把向外生发的幼毛室塞住,不让它们生发。这些窒塞住的幼毛和情波融在一起,就像脉博一样跳动,每一根幼毛都刺戳它的塞口,因此灵魂遍体受刺,疼得要发狂。但是只要那爱人的美一回到记忆里来,他就转痛为喜了。这痛喜两种感觉的混合使灵魂不安于他所处的离奇情况,彷徨不知所措,又深恨无法解脱,于是他就陷人迷狂状态,夜不能安寝,日不能安坐,只是带着焦急的神情,到处徘徊,希望可以看那具有美的人一眼。若是他果然看到了,从那美吸取情波了,原来那些毛根的塞口就都开起来,他吸了一口气,刺疼已不再来,他又暂时享受到极甘美的乐境。所以他尽可能地不肯离开爱人的身边,不把任何人放在眼里,父母亲友全忘了,财产因疏忽而遭损失,他也满不在意,从前他所引以自豪的那些礼节和规矩,也被他唾弃了。他甘心做奴隶,只要人家允许他,紧靠着他所渴望的人躺着,因为他不仅把他当作具有美的人来崇敬,而且把他看成消灾除病的医生。
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Zemminevos2012-01-16And from both of them together the soul is oppressed at the strangeness of her condition, and is in a great strait and excitement, and in her madness can neither sleep by night nor abide in her place by day. And wherever she thinks that she will behold the beautiful one, thither in her desire she runs. And when she has seen him, and bathed herself in the waters of beauty, her constraint is loosened, and she is refreshed, and has no more pangs and pains; and this is the sweetest of all pleasures at the time, and is the reason why the soul of the lover will never forsake his beautiful one, whom he esteems above all; he has forgotten mother and brethren and companions, and he thinks nothing of the neglect and loss of his property; the rules and proprieties of life, on which he formerly pri...
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江户川乱语2021-12-05有这种迷狂的人见到尘世的美,就回忆起上界里真正的美,因而恢复羽翼,而且新生羽翼,急于高飞远举,可是心有余而力不足,像一只鸟儿样,昂首向高处凝望,把下界的一切置之度外,因此被人指为迷狂……每个人的灵魂,我前已说过,天然地曾经观照过永恒真实界,否则它就不会附到人体上来。但是从尘世事物来引起对于上界事物的回忆,这却不是凡是灵魂都可容易做到的,凡是对于上界事物只暂时约略窥见的那些灵魂不易做到这一点,凡是下地之后不幸习染尘世罪恶而忘掉上界伟大景象的那些灵魂也不易做到这一点。剩下的只有少数人还能保持回忆的本领这些少数人每见到上界事物在下界的摹本,就惊喜不能自制,他们也不知其所以然,因为没有足够的軍辨力。
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Ms.A扑柔2012-11-27The divine madness was subdivided into four kinds, prophetic, initiatory, poetic, erotic, having four gods presiding over them; the first was the inspiration of Apollo, the second that of Dionysus, the third that of the Muses, the fourth that of Aphrodite and Eros. In the description of the last kind of madness, which was also said to be the best, we spoke of the affection of love in a figure, into which we intro- duced a tolerably credible and possibly true though partly erring myth, which was also a hymn in honour of Love, who is your lord and also mine, Phaedrus, and the guardian of fair children, and to him we sung the hymn in measured and solemn strain.
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桥2022-08-18那批人对爱人的言行一味赞扬,尽管赞扬的不得体,一半因为他们怕得罪爱人,一半因为他们的情欲把他们的判断力弄昏迷了;爱情的圈套就是这样,一件事碰得不巧,在旁人看来本值不得烦恼,有爱情的人们就会烦恼;一件事碰得巧,在旁人看来本值不得高兴,有爱情的人们就会大加赞赏。所以被他们爱的人们实在是可怜,并没有什么可以羡慕的。但是你如果听我的话,头一层,我在和你交往中,绝不只顾目前的欢乐,还要顾到你的未来的利益;我会自作主宰,不让爱情控制住我;也不会为一点小过错就对你大生气,若是大过错,也不过是慢慢地有一点小不快。至于无心之失,我就会宽容;存心犯的过失,我也会设法事先防止。这些地方不是都可以见出我们的友谊可以维持久远吗?如果你以为没有爱情就不能有很深的友谊,你就得想一想,若是那样,儿女父母对于我们就值不得什么,我们也不能有忠心的朋友,因为我们同这些人的团结并不以我们所谈的这种爱情为基础,而是依靠别种关系。
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桥2022-08-18还有一层,有爱情的人们大半只爱容貌,对于爱人的性格和身世毫不明白,因此,到了欲望已满足的时候,交情就保持不住。至于没有爱情的人们在达到目的之前,先有友谊,目的达到了,友谊也不会冷淡起来,而且往事的追忆会保证来日的交欢。
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桥2022-08-18假如你说,有爱情的人比较值得看重些,因为他声明他爱他的爱人超过爱一切人,只要能讨得爱人的欢心,说的话和做的事都不怕得罪全世界人。如果这话是真的,这也只能证明他有着未来的爱人而抛弃现在的爱人,如果那未来的爱人要他那样做,他会毫不犹豫地伤害现在的爱人。在这样非常重大的事情上,一个人如果稍有理性,怎样能把自己交付给一个患恶病的人?这病连懂得病理的人都不敢诊治,因为病人自己就承认他的神志不清醒,就承认自己疯狂,自己不能控制自己。这样人到了神志复原时,回想他在疯狂中所要做的事,会以为那是好事吗?再其次,没有爱情的人要比有爱情的人多的多,如果你要在有爱情的人们中选择最好的,你就只能在一个很小的数目中选择;如果在有爱情的人们以外,你在世界选择一个最便利于你自己的,你就可以在一个很大的数目中选择,你就更有希望在这大数目中可以找到一个人,值得做你的朋友。
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桥2022-08-18有爱情的人们一旦他们的欲望满足了,对于所施与的恩惠就觉得追悔;至于我们没有爱情的人们却不然,我们不会有追悔的时候,因为我们施与恩惠,不是受情欲的驱遣,而是自由自愿的,顾到自己的地位能力,也顾到自己的利益。
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落可2021-04-25现在就要讲阿德拉斯提亚的诏命了。凡是灵魂紧随神而见到事物本体的,一直到下一次运行的开始,都可不受害;如果它能常保持这状态,它就可永不受伤害。如果它不随神,没有见到事物本体,或是由于不幸,受着昏沉和罪的拖累,它就沉重起来,终于失去羽翼而沉到地上。于是它就依一种定律,在第一代里不能投生于任何兽类。如果它对于真理见得最多,它就附到一个人的种子,这个人注定成为一个爱智慧者,爱美者,或是诗神和爱神的顶礼者,这是第一流。第二流的种子成为守法的君主,战士或是长于发号施令者。第三流投生为一个政治家,或者至少是一个经济家或财政家。第四流投生为一个爱好体育的或是以治疗身体为业的。第五流投生为一个预言家或是掌宗教典礼的。第六流最适宜于诗人或是其他摹仿的艺术家。第七流为一个工人或农人。第八流成为一个诡辩家或煽惑群众者。第九流则为一个僭主。
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没有色彩的多崎2020-04-27过去有一个时候,美本身看起来是光辉灿烂的。那时我们跟在宙斯的队伍里,旁人跟在旁神的队伍里,看到了那极乐的景象,参加了那深密教的入教典礼一一那深密教在一切深密教中可以说是达到最高神仙福分的;那时我们颂赞那深密教还保持着本来真性的完整,还没有染到后来我们要染到的那些罪恶;那时隆重的入教典礼所揭开给我们看的那些景象全是完整的,单纯的,静穆的,欢喜的,沉浸在最纯洁的光辉之中让我们凝视,而我们自己也是一样纯洁,还没有葬在这个叫作身体的坟墓里,还没有束缚在肉体里,像一个蚌束缚在它的壳里一样。