缔造和平
最新书摘：
-
阿鱼2020-11-30P049三巨头每人都给和会贡献了一些自己国家的东西：威尔逊带来的是美国那善意的、自信的保证，保证美国的方法是最好的，同时还带来了一种不安的猜忌，也就是怀疑欧洲人看不出这种方法的好处；克列孟梭带来的是法国那深厚的爱国情操、由胜利产生的解脱感，以及对德国复兴的无尽恐惧；劳合・乔治带来的是英国广大的殖民地及其强大的海军。每个人都代表着重大的国家利益，但也代表了他们个人。他们的弱点与长处、疲劳与病痛以及自己的好恶也同样会影响着和谈。
-
阿鱼2020-11-30P019 *美国例外论（例外主义）包含三个观点：美国的历史与其他民族不同；美国有改变世界的使命；这种历史和使命让美国较其他的民族更有优越性。一一译者注对例外论的虔信有时会导致部分美国人变蠢，生发出一种对其他民族进行说教而非倾听的倾向，还会让他们以为只有美国的动机是纯粹的，别人都不是。威尔逊就是非常典型的美国人。
-
阿鱼2020-11-30当大战在11月11日结束时，人人都疲惫不堪，期盼着未来一一什么样的未来都可以，只要不重蹈覆辙。四年的大战从根本上动摇了欧洲统治世界的绝对自信。在西线，欧洲人再也无法高谈阔论什么将文明播撒至全世界的使命。战争倾覆了政府，羞辱了王权，颠倒了整个社会。“教训这个或那个小国根本没有作用。邪恶的根源在于巴黎的命令得不到执行。”有意志オ可以谈力量。不过正如美国和世界在今天发现的那样，意志是要搭上金钱或性命的。1919年的欧洲人恰恰这两样东西都欠缺。
-
阿鱼2020-11-30外交就如同人生，失败通常比成功更能给人教训。后见之明的人觉得，出色的行动与决策可以保证成功，但事实上成功可能只是源于幸运或无心插柳。反之，失败却可以明示出道路与需要避开的误区一一按照现代官僚的说法，也就是“总结经验”。现代社会最棘手的一些问题就源于第一次世界大战刚刚结東后人们做出的决策：1991年到1999年间的四次巴尔地区战争；伊拉克危机（该国今天的国界线是英法两国角力以及地图粗制濫造的结果）；长期得不到解决的库尔德人自治题；希腊与土耳其之间的纠纷；阿拉伯人和犹太人永无休止地争抢土地，都觉得自己才是获得应许的百姓。随着和平缔造者在巴黎会面，新的国家出现了，大的帝国灭亡了。“四巨头”抱着不可名状的雄心壮志，一心想要修复从欧洲到遥远太平洋的半个世界。但是，他们面临的国内压力、他们无法控制的事件，以及他们无法调和的矛盾主张，到最后实在是太多了一一纯粹是因为力有不逮，谈判者们做出了那些永远都要回响在历史中的交易与妥协。
-
Witt2020-02-09西园寺这样的自由派对民族主义者的梦想很担心。他说道：“我不担心人们普遍缺乏爱国主义，但我害怕爱国主义太多，不知道这会将我们带向何方。”他是第一个相信国际秩序稳定可以让日本以及其他国家以和平方式取得繁荣的国际主义者。他觉得，如果向亚洲扩张会损害日本与其他国家的良好关系，那么就必须停止这种做法。
-
Witt2020-02-09在接下来的15个月里，阜姆变成了一个疯狂的嘉年华，举办了各种庆典、演出、舞会，以及聚会。市里的建筑全都披红挂绿。为了给游行队伍撒花，公园里的花被糟蹋殆尽。民族主义和革命的狂热冲昏了人们的头脑，再加上酗酒和毒品，神父要求结婚，年轻女子彻夜不归。观察员们说，整个城市都回响着做爱的呻吟声。一所医院被单独留出来治疗性病。
-
Witt2020-02-08在这些会议渐入尾声的时候，克列孟梭问劳合・乔治：“你觉得威尔逊这个人怎么样？”劳合・乔治回答道：“我喜欢他，而且现在比当初更喜欢了。”克列孟梭说：“我也是。”他们都知道权力的孤独是什么意思，他们也彼此理解。从某种意义上说，这种理解是外人不可能做到的。
-
風颭雲2019-12-31How can the irrational passions of nationalism or religion be contained before they do more damage? How can we outlaw war? We are still asking those questions.
-
風颭雲2019-12-31Self-determination, that noble ideal, produced dreadful offspring when it was wedded to ethnic nationalism.
-
風颭雲2019-12-31In 1924, acabinet minister in the Labour government in Britain referred to thetreaty as "a treaty of blood and iron which betrayed every principle for which our soldiers thought they were fighting."
-
風颭雲2019-12-29He finished with a warning. "It is a question of whether we can guarantee a peace of half a century to the Far East, or if a situation will be created which can lead to war within ten years." Koo achieved nothing except admiration for his effort and a decision to refer the Shantung question to a committee of experts.
-
風颭雲2019-12-29But was that what the United States really wanted? If Japan could not expand westward into Asia, would it turn to the Pacific, toward the Philippines, perhaps even farther east? Wilson and his advisers were torn, as indeed their successors would be in the 1920s, between the pragmatic goal of cooperation with Japan and the idealistic one of helping China. Could China be helped at all? Was it worth risking a conflict with Japan?
-
風颭雲2019-12-29The British were particularly concerned about Japans in-roads into their economic sphere in the Yangtze valley. ambassador in okyo warned darkly, "Today we have come to know that Japan - the real Japan - is a frankly opportunistic, not to say selfish, country, of very moderate importance compared with the giants of the Great War, but with a very exaggerated opinion of her role in the universe."
-
風颭雲2019-12-29The great Chinese writer Lu Xun compared his countrymen to people sleeping in a house made of iron. The house was on fire and the sleepers would die unless they woke up. But if they did wake, would they be able to get out? Was it better to let them perish in ignorance or die in the full knowledge of their fate? For all their doubts, Lu Xun and the other radical intellectuals of his generation did try to wake China up. They made it their responsibility to speed change by clearing away the debris of the past and forcing the Chinese to look to the future. They published journal with names such as New Youth and New Tide. They wrote satarical plays and stories scorning tradition. Their prescription for China was summed up in the slogan "Mr. Science and Mr. Democracy" - science to represent reas...
-
風颭雲2019-12-29The group of some sixty Chinese and their five foreign advisos finally assembled in Paris at the Hôtel Lutétia epitomized China itself, balanced uneasily between the old and the new, the north and the south, and with a strong hint of outside influence.
-
風颭雲2019-12-29Wilson, desperate to save the League of Nations but unable to accept the racial equality clause, now faced giving Japan what it wanted in China. What made his position difficult was that China also had a strong case.