助推

• 一锅脑浆粥

  2016-07-10
  Consider Texas’s imaginative and stunningly successful effort to reduce littering on its highways. Texas officials were enormously frustrated by the failure of their well-funded and highly publicized advertising campaigns, which attempted to convince people that it was their civic duty to stop littering. Many of the litterers were men between the ages of eighteen and twenty-four, who were not exactly impressed by the idea that a bureaucratic elite wanted them to change their behavior. Public officials decided that they needed “a tough-talking slogan that would also address the unique spirit of Texas pride.” Explicitly targeting the unresponsive audience, the state enlisted popular Dallas Cowboys football players to participate in television ads in which they collected litter, smashed beer ...
• 一锅脑浆粥

  2016-07-10
  One of the most scenic urban thoroughfares in the world is Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive, which hugs the Lake Michigan coastline that is the city’s eastern boundary. The drive offers stunning views of Chicago’s magnificent skyline. There is one stretch of this road that puts drivers through a series of S curves. These curves are dangerous. Many drivers fail to take heed of the reduced speed limit (25 mph) and wipe out. Recently, the city has employed a new way of encouraging drivers to slow down. At the beginning of the dangerous curve, drivers encounter a sign painted on the road warning of the lower speed limit, and then a series of white stripes painted onto the road. The stripes do not provide much if any tactile information (they are not speed bumps) but rather just send a visual signa...
• 一锅脑浆粥

  2016-07-10
  The combination of loss aversion with mindless choosing implies that if an option is designated as the “default,” it will attract a large market share. Default options thus act as powerful nudges. In many contexts defaults have some extra nudging power because consumers may feel, rightly or wrongly, that default options come with an implicit endorsement from the default setter, be it the employer, government, or TV scheduler.
• 一锅脑浆粥

  2016-06-28
  we are not for bigger government, just for better governance.
• 十年一觉

  2014-05-07
  On average, those who eat with one other person eat about 35 percent more than they do when they eat alone; members of a group of four eat about 75 percent more; those in groups of seven or more eat 96 percent more.
• 十年一觉

  2014-04-29
  With respect to marriage, there are powerful arguments for privatization--for allowing private institutions, religious and otherwise, to do as they wish, subject to default rules and criminal prohibitions. We have argued that states should abolish "marriage" as such and rely on civil unions instead. If religious institutions want to restrict "marriage" to heterosexual couples, they should certainly be permitted to do exactly that. If such institutions want to limit divorce, they could do that too. The beauty of this proposal is that it would allow a wide range of experiments--increasing freedom for individuals and religious organizations alike while at the same time reducing the unnecessary and sometimes ugly intensity of current public debates.
• 十年一觉

  2014-04-29
  The full costs of litigation actually include much more than judgements that are paid to plaintiffs and the costs of litigation--the "direct costs". There are indirect costs as well, and patients must bear those costs too. For example, many doctors practice "defensive medicine", ordering expensive but unnecessary treatments for patients, or refusing to provide risky but benefitial treatments, simply in order to avoid liability. Another indirect cost of liability--and an especially bad one--is that error reporting in hospitals and among physicians is discouraged.
• 脫繮的蛇肉堡

  2012-09-01
  The trick is to promote actual freedom — not just by giving people lots of choices but also by putting people in a good position to choose.
• 脫繮的蛇肉堡

  2012-08-25
  While working on this book, Thaler sent an email to his economist friend Hal Varian, who is affiliated with Google. Thaler intended to attach a draft of the introduction to give Hal a sense of what the book was about, but forgot the attachment. When Hal wrote back to ask for the missing attachment, he noted with pride that Google was experimenting with a new feature on its email program “gmail” that would solve this problem. A user who mentions the word attachment but does not include one would be prompted, “Did you forget your attachment?” Thaler sent the attachment along and told Hal that this was exactly what the book was about.
• 脫繮的蛇肉堡

  2012-08-25
  Mere measurement effect: when people are asked what they intend to do, they become more likely to act in accordance with their answers.
• 脫繮的蛇肉堡

  2012-08-21
  Again, biases can creep in when similarity and frequency diverge. Themost famous demonstration of such biases involves the case of a hypothetical woman named Linda. In this experiment, subjects were told the following: “Linda is thirty-one years old, single, outspoken, and very bright. She majored in philosophy. As a student, she was deeply concerned with issues of discrimination and social justice and also participated in antinuclear demonstrations.” Then people were asked to rank, in order of the probability of their occurrence, eight possible futures for Linda. The two crucial answers were “bank teller” and “bank teller and active in the feminist movement.” Most people said that Linda was less likely to be a bank teller than to be a bank teller and active in the feminist movement.
• 脫繮的蛇肉堡

  2012-08-17
  To qualify as Econs, people are not required to make perfect forecasts (that would require omniscience), but they are required to make unbiased forecasts. That is, the forecasts can be wrong, but they can’t be systematically wrong in a predictable direction. Unlike Econs, Humans predictably err.
• 脫繮的蛇肉堡

  2012-08-17
  A nudge, as we will use the term, is any aspect of the choice architecture that alters people’s behavior in a predictable way without forbidding any options or significantly changing their economic incentives.
• 小鱼脆饼

  2019-02-20
  别被自我想象中的聚光灯照花了眼！你应当这样想：实际上他们并没有自己所想的那样关注自己。
• 薄巧冰淇淋

  2021-03-18
  “损失厌恶”容易使人产生惰性，即一种强烈的保持现状的欲望。如果你因为不想招致损失而不愿意放弃某些事情，你便会拒绝因此发生的交易。在另外一个实验中，一个班里的一半学生得到了咖啡杯，而另一半学生得到的是一大块巧克力。咖啡杯和巧克力的价钱大体相当，因此在得到这两样东西之前，同学们表现出了对二者基本相等的占有欲望。然而，一且他们拿到了各自的东西，当我们再次要求他们将手中的东西换成另外一种时，仅有10%的人愿意这样做。因此，我们看出，“损失厌恶”的作用实际上是一种认知助推它竭力阻止我们改变现有的状况，即便这些改变对我们非常有益。
• 小鱼脆饼

  2019-02-20
  因此，在许多领域，人们都倾向于认为结果是完全可以预测的，并且音乐家、演员或者作家的成功与他们的能力和人格魅力是分不开的。对于这一倾向，我们要多加小心，关键时刻一些很小的干预甚至是巧合，都会对最终结果产生深远的影响。那些当红歌星们很可能与其他成百上千名有同样才华的艺人在演出水平上并没有太大的区别，但我们却连那些人的名字都叫不上来。