关键设计报告
最新书摘：
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gundam2152011-04-07我发展出一套“禅解之谜”来阐述设计原则，并借此让大家记住，它所点出的迷思之一，就是：“如何将一座山装进一个咖啡杯中？”假若问人们这个问题，他们可能会说：“必须要先将这座山缩小。”如果这是你的回答，那表示你依然认为多就是好，是典型的PC思想。我们应该换个角度想：“为什么要将一座山放到咖啡杯中？”并且在招手开始设计前，先想想这个问题。
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Showing V1.4.12015-09-20……我是最后一天最后一个上台发言的人，我上台后开始介绍半透明菜单，果冻按键与阴影效果等，并说明这部分所需的技术支持，说完后，全场发出诡异的笑声。因为在两天的会议后，我们已经堆起一座山一般的问题需要克服，但我又加了一大堆上去……当时的苹果公司是非常工程技术导向的，多数产品都是以配合技术可行性为基础，这样极容易开发又可以准时完成；至于那些使用上的容易度和愉悦感，则不是必要的考虑内容。
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psychedelic_e2015-09-06我认为纸张还是非常棒的载体，而且可以存在千年之久，肯定有它的价值。他们想要以计算机取代纸张，甚至让人们可以在上面画图，但是计算机却没办法让人掌握那种在之上绘图的手感，纸本的质感也很难表现，整个构图的分配也出现了问题……虽然这些电子产品都以比拟纸张作画的真实感为诉求，但我却不以为然。电子书的状况也差不多是这样。纸本印刷本身就很棒、很漂亮，它比任何一种电子形态的表现更佳，尤其是当这些电子产品是以比拟的角度来设计时，更是无法超越它。纸本印刷的文字，不仅便于阅读，而且无论是光线或是墨色都掌握得很好，现阶段数字科技很难达到如此水平。
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布拉 喔2013-10-063. Elements of the Design ProcessThey will often be used in the same sequence, and repeated iteratively, but the most productive process is usually out of order; it can sometimes seem almost random.- ConstraintsUnderstanding the relevant constraints starts the process.- SynthesisSynthesis occurs as the subconscious, shared mind of the design team absorbs all of the relevant issues.The ideas may be about design solutions or other elements in the process, such as a framework or the nature of an experiment or prototype.- FramingFraming articulates the synthesis simply enough for ideas to happen. A framework is in itself a form of synthesis, in that it clarifies the issues by applying insights that create the first level of order from the chaos of all the constraints. It is not a d...
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布拉 喔2013-10-061. How to create Good Designs?- 【People】: Understand people—what they need, want and enjoy, as well as how they think and behave.- 【Prototype】: Prototype early and often, by trying out ideas as quickly and frequently as possible, and by taking them to the users for responses and evaluations.- 【State of the Art】: Full understanding of the constraints that defined the previous result. (esp for new version of sth)2. [Designing Something New] VS [Designing a New Version]2.1 Designing Something New- People: not average but the full range of users; - Factor: understand as much as possible about everything that will affect the solution, about what it is for, how it will work, how much it will cost, and so on.2.2 Designing a New Version- 【Starting Point】State of the ...
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o-o2013-03-17以往，我们参照现实生活中的事物，比如文件、活页夹与垃圾桶等，作为比拟设计；那虽然很好，但却会渐渐过世。比如说，我的两个女儿，一个11岁，一个7岁，她俩从一两岁开始剧接触计算机，对于活页夹的第一印象不是来自真实的牛皮纸包裹，而是计算机上的图标。
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o-o2013-03-17我们面对的最大难题就在于屏幕空间有限，当你不断加东西上去，终会占掉所有空间。为此，我们特别设计了一个动画程序，当东西一直加上去，它就会展开来，不过东西越加越多，还是会超出屏幕边界，这时如果不拿掉一些，就无法再放别的进来。我们并不想限制人们只能放多少东西进来，于是只能将它们一直缩小到不能再缩为止，如此依赖，你就可以随心所欲的假东西进来。不过图示越来越小，就越难辨识，为了解决这个问题，我们又做了一项设计，就是让光标取阅内的图标自动变大；光标滑动时，图标也会一个个变大。
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o-o2013-03-17ATG（Advanced Technology Group）发现人们可能不记得他把档案存在哪里，但却记得两天前做最后一次修改；或者是在那一个特别的日子，他阅读或是输入了哪些数据。
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o-o2013-03-17他自问：什么是与计算机完全不同的东西？他得到的答案是：像是糖果或者酒之类的。这个想法激发出视觉感官上的创意。
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PIX3L2012-08-24当你在设计计算机或是附加了电子功能的物品时，你必须对于人们思维的运作有更严谨的研究，将机械智慧与人类智慧的考虑带入设计中；在这种情况下，如果有认知心理学家的协助，以及专攻互动性设计的设计师参与，设计团队必将受益不少。
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Joan2018-03-17Ecology—the interdependence of living thingsFor sustainable designAt the top of the hierarchy is ecology, where designers need to understand the issues that will affect the environmental condition of our planet as well as the interconnected social and economic systems that we need to sustain. At first thought, sustainable design seems to be in direct opposition to the nature of the consumer society that industrial designers and interaction designers strive to enhance, and is thus a challenging subject for designers to come to grips with. Organizations and processes are emerging that allow the design team to understand and analyze the implications of their designs on sustainability, including the use of materials, energy, and the full lifecycle from “cradle to cradle.”7 This knowledge is ...
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Joan2018-03-17Cultural anthropology—the human conditionFor global designAny designer who has developed a product for a global market has had to face the complexities that come from cultural variations. Some people eat with chopsticks and others with cutlery. And colors have strong symbolic meanings that are specific to particular societies. Cultural anthropologists can help people in a development organization understand the nature ofcultural differences, which probably will not be intuitively obvious to them without some direct experience of the variations. There are also variations of culture within a single market, as different groups of people have unique anthropological characteristics, based on their occupation, background, or interests.
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Joan2018-03-17Sociology—the way people relate to each otherFor the design of connected systemsConnecting everything together caused the next leap in complexity, when the Internet made connectivity a part of many design problems and solutions. Communications technologies like telephones and broadcast media have been with us for long enough to settle down and become familiar, but the sudden explosion of the Internet added the potential of connectivity to objects and services. Sociologists can help members of a design team understand the implications of this and to operate in the more abstract realm of designing services, where you are affected more by relationships among people as well as between users and objects or interfaces. Although services have been around for a long time, the sudden expansion of...
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Joan2018-03-17Cognitive psychology—the way the mind works For the design of human-computer interactions Enter the chip! Electronics started with computers, gradually invaded everyday things and places, and are now almost everywhere.This is where we pick up on my stories of designing the laptop and the digital watch, as it is more and more difficult for the designer to understand intuitively about people and what they need and want, as the context is no longer just physical and biomechanical.When you are concerned about the constraints that will matter to people when you are designing computers and things that are enhanced by electronic behaviors, you need a much more rigorous understanding of the way the mind works. When the design context includes machine intelligence as well as human intelligence, ...
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Joan2018-03-17Physiology—the way the body worksFor the design of physical man-machine systemsThe next level of complexity comes when you need to consider actions as well as objects. If the design context includes what the person is doing as well as the things that they are using, the constraints need to include the way the human body works, or physiology, as well as the sizes of people.When you are designing a chair for work, you must consider the danger that long periodsof sitting may cause back strain, which demands that you understand the structure of the human spine and the muscles that support it; this is not a constraint when you are designing a casual couch or a bar stool.When you are designing a racing bicycle, you need to know about the way the frame can be fitted to the body to yield the ma...
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Joan2018-03-17Anthropometrics—the sizes of peopleFor the design of physical objects The constraints are complex enough to demand the core skills of design, but the problems are well understood and have been evolving slowly since industrial design emerged as a new discipline in response to the Industrial Revolution. Designers have to understand basic human factors, but it is reasonable to expect that anthropometrics, or the sizes of people, are the most relevant. Thanks to the human factors work at the office of Henry Dreyfuss, anthropometric information for the designer is easy to find, by referring to the book The Measure of Man,5 or the reference cards in Human scale,6 which present the salient dimensions of people of different statures, gender, age, and ethnic background.
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Joan2018-03-17A Hierarchy of ComplexityWhen I graduated from college as an industrial designer in 1965, I expected to spend my life designing mass-produced objects to be manufactured in metals and plastics.Thinking about what people want from an object was a predominant consideration for the design, but there was an assumption that the most complex aspect would be to think about the subjective and qualitative values that would help the designer to create an appropriate aesthetic, so most of the research into what people wanted was aimed at discovering those subtle values that could inform an intuitive design process. The overall complexity came from synthesizing this understanding with all of the functional attributes of the design, such as performance, assembly, manufacturing, price, distribution, mar...
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Joan2018-03-17This hierarchy shows the increasing complexity of the relevant constraints, if you consider each type of design problem from the point of view of the user.The hierarchy is based on the type of human factors that is relevant to the design context in each level of complexity, starting with the simplest at the bottom.
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Joan2018-03-17Ecology: The interdependence of living things, for sustainable designAnthropology: The human condition, for global designSociology: The way people relate to one another, for the design of connected systemspsychology:The way the mind works, for the design of human-computer interactionsphysiology: The way the body works, for the design of physical man-machine systemsanthropometrics: The sizes of people, for the design of physical objects
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拙匠2012-10-031. Motivation—errors or ideasDesign ought to start from understanding the problems that people are having, and also from ideals. A lot of people are motivated byproblems that they see, breakdowns of one sort or another, errors thatthey observe. Another place that design starts is with ideas. Theseare the brilliant concepts, the ideals that we have for making theworld wonderful.2. Meaning—metaphors and scenariosIf you can tell a good story about something, or spin a goodmetaphor, it makes sense to people. This is where the meaning of thedesign comes from. A clear metaphor is the strange idea thatconnects two things; for example the cloud and the bolt of lightning,saying—Ah hah! This isn’t a computer, it’s a desktop! Along with themetaphor, we also need a variety of scenarios, ...