中國如何跳出貧困陷阱

• 铁柱丽叶

  2020-06-26
  Understood in a stylized manner, the directives issued by the Chinese leadership may be grouped into three colored signals: red, black, and gray. Directives that make clear what cannot be done by local agents are known in Chinese policy discourse as “red lines.” Red policies permit no variation. For local governments, red lines constitute binding constraints. A second, “gray” variety comprises policy statements where the leadership is deliberately ambiguous about what can and cannot be done. These policies per- mit local experimentation and variation because restrictions are not explicitly stated. Adaptive responses to ambiguous directives produce feedback that then informs the central authorities about how policies should be adjusted. The final category is what I call “black” policies:...