寰宇主義與自由地理
最新书摘:
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短章2014-10-08Foucault obviously sensed, however, that something or others was important about spatiality, so that he could not let the issue die, either. In the interview (1980, Power/Knowledge), he worried at the way "space was treated as the dead, the fixed, the undialectical, the immobile." If "space is fundamental in any form of communal life," he later observed, then space must also be "fundamental in any exercise of power." In his lectures "Security, Territory, Population," he recognises the significance of absolute spatial ordering as part of the disciplinary apparatus - what he called governmentality - that emerged in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and the tension between that ordering and the dynamics of circulation of commodities: people, on the one hand, and the structuring of mil...
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短章2014-10-08Foucault assumes in this piece that heterotopic spaces are somehow outside the dominant social order or that their positioning within that order can be severed, attenuated or inverted on the inside…What appears at first sight as so open by virtue of its multiplicity suddenly appears as banal: an eclectic mess of heterogeneous and different absolute spaces within which anything "different" might go on. Ultimately, the whole essay on heterotopia reduces itself to the theme of escape.
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短章2014-09-28几乎每个尝试理论化地方的人,都是从时空可能性矩阵的某一点出发,但当他们试图拆解这个观念的丰富复杂度时,就转移到了他处。……海德格尔虽然 “顽固地坚持在地” (威廉斯的说法),但也了解地方和事物创造了空间,而且地方会通过建立于时空中的关系性而获取特征。虽然海德格尔驳斥了商业、通讯技术和现代性带来的更广大的流动,但是他也诉诸神话和宗教世界,唤起了对于这种更广大共同流动的感受,而康德则曾试图令地方从神话与宗教中解放出来。福柯不断地陷入他的康德主义绝对空间,幻想了一种关系性的、逃避主义的自主和自由愿景,来探索监狱墙壁背后,或海盗船上的差异与不受羁束的他者性。德勒兹通过精神分裂人格这个形象来脱离康德的历史性,并且通过莱布尼茨的褶皱(the fold)的关系性观念,来脱离绝对空间,但依然将他有关去领土化和再领土化(可以理解为地方形构的过程)的关键哲学沉思,奠基于孤立且绝对主义的荒岛隐喻上。那些和亚里士多德一样,声明有某种本质论的地方理论(认为 “地方是一切事物的原初”)的人,或者,和海德格尔一样,主张 “地方是存有之真理的所在”(但并非流变之所在)的人,完全错了。唯一有道理的地方概念,乃是视地方为偶然、动态且具影响力的 “恒存”(permanences),但同时被整合进入创造、维持及拆解一切区域、地方与时空,使其成为复杂组态的过程。
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短章2014-09-16流传给我们的康德地理学版本,形同一堆互不连贯的奇闻轶事般的特殊事物,而其普遍性还有待发掘。时至今日,地理学知识大致上还处于这种状态,尽管有地理学家和其他人竭心尽力改革其道。康德的人类学,虽较具系统,但也有严重缺陷。当代人类学,尽管有其顶尖从业者的努力,也很难说已经消除了"空洞诡辩与奇想空谈"(尤其是藏在所谓的"后现代"伪装下)。要不是其政治后果总是有如灾难,这一切都还不成问题。
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Mr. Galath2024-09-14「權利話語」(rights talk)所預設的普遍性,以及非政府組織與倡議團體爲推行普世原則而專心致力的作爲,與地方特殊性及政治經濟生活的日常實踐,可謂格格不入。
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短章2014-09-16面对才智出众且显赫的前辈名单,我对自己获邀发表这些演讲,深感意外而荣幸。意外的部分源自我的地理学者身份,因为我长期以来习惯这门学科置身学术声望位阶稍低的地位。宣称一个人是学术圈的地理学者,要不是迎向一脸困惑,就是会引人针对探险亚马逊或靴子沾雪的Indiana Jones做出诙谐的评论。