西方大观念(全二卷)

最新书摘:
  • 白菜
    2011-08-13
    * 20 教育 educatoin ........................................................................... 300/376** 总论** 汇编在这一套丛书之中的伟大著作是作为达到通识教育或一般教育的手段而提供出来的。这些著作的作者是一些有教养的人;不唯如此,他们代表了他们那些不同时代的教育理想。一如他们的文字所揭示的,他们心灵的成型主要缘于阅读其前辈的著作,或者至少因之而深受影响。他们之中的许多人,有时通过个人的往来,有时通过写就的文字,而有师生的关系的。他们中的许多人是同一宗师的异趣门徒,而且他们既彼此相左,亦常常与宗师相左。他们中间几乎没有一个人不熟悉先于他们出道的其他人的意见的一一荷马除外,通常倒是相当精通他们的思想。THE great books assembled in this set are offered as means to a liberal or general education. The authors of these books were educated men; more than that, they typified the ideal of education in their various epochs. As their writings reveal, their minds were largely formed, or at least deeply impressed, by reading the works of their predecessors. Many of them were related as teacher and student, sometimes through person...
  • 白菜
    2011-07-21
    * 99 财富 Wealth ............................................................................ 1658/1038/1049** 总论** 关于财富,如果关心的仅仅是如何获得、保有财富,以及财富增减的原因,财富观念就只局限于经济学。在《尼柯马库斯伦理学》中,亚里士多德写道,"医术的目的是健康,而经济学(或家政学)的目的是财富。"不过,正如"伦理学"书名所表明的,道德家和政治家同样关注健康和财富一一不只是把它们当作获得和保有之物,而是和所有其他的善相关联,是好的生活和好的社会的组成部分。在经济学中被视为目的者,在伦理学和政治学中可能只是一种手段;在这种情况下,亚里士多德提示说,经济学从属于伦理学和政治学,甚至就好比战争术从属于政治学,而武器的制造和使用又从属于战争术。IF the only questions about wealth concerned the means of getting and keeping it, the causes of its increase and decrease, the idea of wealth would be confined to economics. "The end ofthe medical art is health," writes Aristotle in the Ethics, and "that of economics, wealth." But as the Ethics indicates, the moralist and the statesman are also concerned with health and wealth not simply as things t...
  • 白菜
    2011-07-09
    ** 总论*** 在心智的诸种才能中,智慧的特殊性质体现在每个人都会同意的那些能够被认作智慧的东西之中一一那些不能够被泛泛地称之为技艺以及科学或者知识和学问的东西。许多世纪以来,我们相信,知识可以稳固地增长,学问可以不断进展,但是我们并不认为在智慧之中也能有这样的进展。个体可以在智慧上取得增长。但是人类在智慧上似乎并没有这样的增长。THE special character of wisdom among the attainments of the mind shows itself in the things which everyone will agree can be said about wisdom-things which cannot be said about art and science, or knowledge and learning generally. We believe that, with the centuries, knowledge can be steadily increased and learning advanced, but we do not suppose that the same progress can be achieved in wisdom.The individual may grow in wisdom. The race does not seem to.在伟大著作的传统中,现代人通常断言他们在所有技艺和科学上都超越了古代人。但是他们极少宣称在智慧方面也超越了古代人。"现代科学"这一术语无须任何说明,但是如果有人想要谈论"现代智慧",他就要不得不解释他的意思。当"现代"一词修饰"科学"一词时,它似乎具有一种可以直接被人们接受的意义,"古代"这个词修饰...
  • 白菜
    2011-07-06
    在心智的诸种才能中,智慧的特殊性质体现在每个人都会同意的那些能够被认作智慧的东西之中一一那些不能够被泛泛地称之为技艺以及科学或者知识和学问的东西。许多世纪以来,我们相信,知识可以稳固地增长,学问可以不断进展,但是我们并不认为在智慧之中也能有这样的进展。个体可以在智慧上取得增长。但是人类在智慧上似乎并没有这样的增长。THE special character of wisdom among the attainments of the mind shows itself in the things which everyone will agree can be said about wisdom-things which cannot be said about art and science, or knowledge and learning generally. We believe that, with the centuries, knowledge can be steadily increased and learning advanced, but we do not suppose that the same progress can be achieved in wisdom.The individual may grow in wisdom. The race does not seem to.在伟大著作的传统中,现代人通常断言他们在所有技艺和科学上都超越了古代人。但是他们极少宣称在智慧方面也超越了古代人。"现代科学"这一术语无须任何说明,但是如果有人想要谈论"现代智慧",他就要不得不解释他的意思。当"现代"一词修饰"科学"一词时,它似乎具有一种可以直接被人们接受的意义,"古代"这个词修饰"智慧"时似乎也有一种...