东北博弈：环境与地缘政治1910-1911
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北之岚2023-05-06美国的公共卫生模式被菲律宾人采用和调整，沃里克・安德森（Warwick Anderson）描述了殖民权力与随后的后殖民政府在菲律宾的相互影响，然而与此相对的是，公共卫生在中国呈现的是一种更为折中的发展。当然，它被注入了西方式的概念和实践，但是正如罗芙芸提出，早已实现西方化但仍为亚洲国家的日本发挥的中介作用，使得这些转型能够被更为迅速地接受。后殖民研究的修辞话语通常运用抵抗和接受的概念，但是这些概念却不能被简单地用于中国东北。在哈尔滨，重要的抵抗力量似乎不是来自当地中国或朝鲜居民，而是来自非俄罗斯人的西方人、商人和外国的外交群体，他们惧怕俄国行政官们设立的在其他场合会被认为是合理的话但如今被视为更牢固的支配权序曲的先例。
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我是小狗2022-02-23NICHES:CULTURAL AND BIOLOGICALEpidemic disease is one manifestation of a change in ecological niche.As an infectious agent adapts,new balances must be struck with respect to both host and parasite,and alternatively,as a host changes,new selections often drive new adaptations in microbes.We have seen,in the case of the Great Plague in Manchuria,that new populations,new technologies,and new politics all contributed to the spread of Y.pestis and the disruption of the more or less stable equilibrium that existed in the traditional Asian communities of humans and marmots.Epidemics can result from newly virulent strains,but probably more often,it is the opening of new niches by human actions that provides new opportunities for disease expansions.What was the cause of the Great Plague?Simply...