何谓“性资本”
最新书摘：
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YUANYUAN2025-01-22在 “性导向地位竞争”的观点下，性领域内的行动者会被视为想要最大化其性资本的主体，而他们实现这一目的的方式是，努力接近“理想的体格，拥有得体的衣服和配饰，并采用正确的姿势、肢体语言、谈吐和言语模式。就像钱生钱一样，一个领域的成功也会孕育出另一个领域的成功：一个人在一个性场域内受到的关注度越高，其他人也就越会认为他具有更强大的性吸引力。77
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YUANYUAN2025-01-22事实上，性追逐的重点不是快感，而是自恋的满足感。75
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YUANYUAN2025-01-22我们将性资本的协调模式中一种正在浮现的转变视为身体的剩余价值，它主要出现在性工作和所谓的合法工作领域间那日益模糊的边界地带，在那里，起到性外表和性在场（sexual surface and presence）作用的身体，作为性化的存在被货币化了。生产此类性资本的主要场所是性产业的某些领域，而其中的性工作正日益趋近于常规的服务类工作。73
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YUANYUAN2025-01-22尽管如此，如果坏的性也不再如过去所认为的那么坏，性工作者也不会因为参与性交易而受到伤害或社会惩罚的话，那么很有可能在人们眼中，性工作者从性劳动中获得的性资本，就会越来越类似于从常规互动型服务工作中获得的资本。这一点在软性卖淫现象中可能尤为明显：在这种软性卖淫中，中产阶级年轻女性和受雇就业的成年女性会用她们的性行为来换取礼物或金钱。70
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YUANYUAN2025-01-22我们目前所讨论的好的性和坏的性之间的规范性区分，其实是利用了关于性别角色的特定假设。60
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YUANYUAN2025-01-22新自由主义的性资本不会使用性感（即某人的身体让他人产生的性激情）来谋利。它所利用的不是情欲吸引力，而是性体验中的独异性品质（the singular quality），即我们在纯主观层面上体验性这一事实。新自由主义的性资本利用性体验中的独异性来构成自我，而这一自我与总体而言决定了个人社交能力和职场能力的一些技巧与属性是完全兼容的。这种类型的性资本被铭刻在人们了解自己、培养自信和自尊、承担各类风险，以及最重要的通过自我主张和占据支配来经营人际关系的一般策略之中。59
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YUANYUAN2025-01-22性态中凝聚了自由的价值与实践，或者更准确地说，是个人自由的价值与实践。25
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YUANYUAN2025-01-22总而言之，我们刚刚所概述的性公民身份的关键前提似乎在表明，改良主义者和包容并蓄的性政治，除了大肆宣传“进步的新自由主义”等流行语之外，什么也做不了。“性多样性”和“赋权”等概念，只是资本逐利性的遮羞布。13
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YUANYUAN2025-01-22我们没有轻率地将性资本视为一种赋予女性权力的方式，而是认为性资本并没有扭转那些在有关性的社会脚本中贯穿始终的性别压迫本质和关于性的臭名昭著的双重标准。10
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YUANYUAN2025-01-22当哈基姆将性资本视为女性的一种属性时，她所接受和强化的，就不仅仅是一些性别刻板印象，还有女性遭到支配的方式一经由她们的身体。换句话来说，哈基姆所未能理解的一点是，如果说性是资本的一种类型，那也是因为，它所使用的属性同样维护了男性对女性的统治。9
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YUANYUAN2025-01-22我们对新自由主义的性资本的理解，应该与以下三种在讨论性与资本主义的关系时常被提到的主要观点区分开来。这三者分别是：一、性是对性别失衡状况的补救矫正；二、性身份（sexual identities）是性公民身份（sexual citizenship）的一个政治宣传阵地；三、对于性的商品化或者说性的货币化现象的批评。7-8
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YUANYUAN2025-01-22性资本的形成之所以成为可能，是由于管控性的社会规范和禁忌的松懈，以及性被越来越多地纳人经济领域之中。当性被经济策略所构建、能够产生经济优势，并成为经济领域本身的关键所在时，我们便说，这是在新自由主义的文化中组织起来的性资本，或者称其为新自由主义的性资本。7
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YUANYUAN2025-01-22在常见的社会学用法中，性资本指的是人们在投人金钱、时间、知识和情感能量来构建和增强他们的性自我（sexualslf）——他们与性有关的身份——后可能得到的回报。……这些不同类型的、在性自我方面的投资，都可能会为“投资人”创造一个更有利的地位，使其在对他人身体的性接近（sexual access）方面更具竞争优势。而这种性竞争所导向的，可以是最大化的性享乐，也可以是那种因被他人所欲求而产生的纯粹精神享受。4–5
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天天忧伤的B2024-03-14One area in which sexual citizenship explic-itly determines subjects’ relations to capital is employment; the other is consumer culture. In the workplace, some “respectable” performances of homosexuality and queerness seem to have become acceptable. Yet transsexuals and gender-queer people still find it extremely difficult to enter middle-class professions and maintain their jobs.20 Similarly, in the realm of consumption and lifestyle commodities, neoliberal capitalism not only “created a domesticated and consumerist gay identity”21 but also increased “queer visibility in commodity culture,” as Rosemary Hennessy puts it.Public displays of queer activism, more positive representations of queer identities and lifeworlds in popular culture, and, finally, the lifestylization23 of queer existe...
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天天忧伤的B2024-03-14Instead of glibly viewing sexual capital as a way to empower women, we assume that sexual capital does not reverse the enduringly gendered nature of sexual scripts and the infamous sexual double standard (despite mounting evidence that young women’s sexuality has become more agentic and desiring). Nor does it transform the central role of gender and sexuality in organizing the division of household labor, the workplace dynamic, and the overall sex–gender structure of society.8
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天天忧伤的B2024-03-14In fact, in the era when Christianity was dominant, women were by default defined by a sort of sexual capital, namely by chastity. In traditional marriage markets, the woman’s (and, to a lesser extent, the man’s) repu-tation depended on virginity. Chastity—the lack of sexual activity—thus played the role of sig-naling woman’s conformity to Christian ideals, thereby increasing her value. By default, sexual-ity played an important role in mate selection, because in traditional societies a marriage market was based both on reputation and on the eco-nomic assets of the prospective mate. In many ways, it is this normative order, which protected women from predators, that Don Juan chal-lenges; and in consequence his sexuality is still highly constrained by the normative order of Christian patria...
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天天忧伤的B2024-03-14Neoliberal sexual capital, as we dub it, designates the ability to glean self- appreciation from sexual encounters and to use this self-value so as to foster employability.Neoliberal sexual capital, as we dub it, designates the ability to glean self- appreciation from sexual encounters and to use this self-value so as to foster employability.
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天天忧伤的B2024-03-14This sexual competition can be oriented toward pleasure maximization or toward the mere feeling of being desired by others. This sexual competition can be oriented toward pleasure maximization or toward the mere feeling of being desired by others.
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天天忧伤的B2024-03-14It’s not produce things.It produces mobile ideas, living organs, sIt is sexdesign. Pharmacopornographic biocapitalism does not produce things. It produces mobile ideas, living organs, sIt is sexdesign. Pharmacopornographic biocapitalism does not produce things. It produces mobile ideas, living organs, symbols, desires, chemical reactions and conditions of the soul.
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天天忧伤的B2024-03-14The metaphor of sexual capital assumes that sex is a resource for future gains in a way that goes well beyond sexual activity per se. Unlike concepts whose meanings, at least in theory, are widely shared and accepted, metaphors are more open and less precise. They have a certain vehicu-lar quality, and it is their conceptual imprecision that sometimes makes them useful to the soci-ologist’s imagination.