Manchuria Under Japanese Dominion

- 书名:Manchuria Under Japanese Dominion
- 作者: Shin'ichiYamamuro
- 格式:PDF
- 时间:2024-07-09
- 评分:
- ISBN:9780812239126
From 1932 until the end of World War II, the Japanese established and maintained by bloody rule a puppet regime in the Chinese region of Manchuria. This region was composed of three northern provinces in China; the puppet ruler was the last Chinese Emperor, Pu Yi, and this rich industrial region was clearly coveted and managed by the Japanese as a critical element in their imperial dominion. Yamamuro Shin'ichi's extraordinary book rereads this occupation under new light. The author shows that right-wing Japanese military and civilian groups thought of construction in this sparsely populated region as an effort to build a paradise on earth, with roots deep in Asian traditions. At the same time, Chinese and Korean populations in the region were abused by the Japanese military, and many Japanese were deliberately misinformed about what was being done in their name. Yamamuro examines the policies and events unfolding on the ground during this time. With close attention to the Chinese, Japanese, and Koreans involved, and the links between the military and the home islands, he offers his own overall assessment of this distinctive instance of state-building.Making use of numerous sources in Chinese and Japanese, from legal documents and government decrees to memoirs and poetry, Manchuria Under Japanese Dominion goes beyond rhetoric to provide a unique assessment of the history of this period.
山室信一,日本京都大學人文科學研究所教授,研究領域為近代日本政治史、法政思想史。除《滿洲國的實相與幻象》外,亦著有《法制官僚的時代——國家的設計與知識的歷程》(一九八四年每日出版文化獎)、《作為思想課題的亞洲——基軸.連鎖.投企》(二○○一年亞洲太平洋特別獎)、《憲法九條的思想脈絡》(二○○八年司馬遼太郎獎)、《日俄戰爭的世紀——從連鎖視點所見的日本與世界》等書。
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2760889966492019-07-24昭和天皇在親自任命武藤信義為關東軍司令兼特命全權大使的儀式上,口頭給予訓示,要他「努力施行比張學良時代更好的善政」。這說明了天皇在承認滿洲國存在的同時,也知悉政治上的實權究竟歸屬何人掌中。
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2760889966492019-07-18山口重次針對此種變化,主張滿洲國歷史應以一九三二年八月為界,因關東軍在此時間點之前與之後的指導方針完全迥異,應該明白區分兩者的不同。本庄時代的指導方針是「保護培育滿洲國」(《消失的帝國滿洲》),與此相對,之後則是「基於資本主義,將滿洲國日本屬國化、殖民地化」的方針(同前)。這也可以說是「從支援獨立到轉化為屬國,從民族協和主義轉到權益主義(帝國主義)」(山口,《滿洲建國歷史》)的官方性質轉換。不過,這種轉換與其說是本質上的變化,不如說是當權者判斷如何才能更有效地達成目的,可以說只是一種力道上的不同而已。這點透過石原的構想即可清楚看見,他主張滿洲國統治「以軍部主導,推動革新性的強力政策,打造日滿一體的國防國家」(片倉衷,〈筑水片言〉,一九三二年八月),這種建設構想,從本庄時代到之後接手的人為止,並沒有什麼重大區別。硬要區分,也只是為達目的,前後者採取了不同的資金與人才調度方法而已。
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2760889966492019-07-18橘樸要求從「效率低但安全性高的民主主義」或「效率高但危險性高的獨裁主義」中擇一。但對關東軍而言,如何在滿洲國以最低統治成本獲取最大成果,才是關鍵課題,因此比起有多少危險性,理所當然的高效率才更為重要。
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