国家为什么会失败
内容简介：
《国家为什么会失败》回答了困扰专家们几个世纪的问题：为什么有的国家富、有的国家穷；国家为什么按照富裕不富裕、健康不健康、食物充足不充足来划分？是文化、天气、地理特征还是不知道正确政策？
简单说，什么都不是。没有任何一个因素是确定的或注定的。德隆·阿西莫格鲁和詹姆士·罗宾逊令人信服地表明，人为的政治和经济制度对经济成功（或经济不成功）至关重要。在15年原创性研究的基础上，作者整理了罗马帝国、玛雅城市国家、中世纪威尼斯、苏联、拉美、英格兰、欧洲、美国和非洲的大量历史证据，建立了一个跟当今社会下列重大问题高度相关的新政治经济学理论，包括：
中国会以如此快的速度持续增长吗？能够超越西方吗？美国的最好时光过去了吗？我们正在从限制精英人物扩张权力的良性循环走向使少数人致富和扩张权力的恶性循环吗？什么是帮助数十亿贫困人口走向繁荣的最有效方式呢？是来自西方富裕国家更多的慈善援助？还是学习阿西莫格鲁和罗宾逊的创造性观点得出的关于包容性政治制度和包容性经济制度相互作用的经验教训？
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Smilebox2016-03-192016年到目前为止读的最精彩的一本书。作者从两种经济制度和政治角度出发来解释了最近200年世界范围内贫富差距的来源。并且作者的阐述并不仅仅止步于此，更解释了不同国家和地区为什么会有不同的经济和政治制度的发展路径。此书读一遍是远远不够的…
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Yige2016-06-02写得很好，文笔和结构都佳。用一本书的篇幅讲了一个其实直觉上很明显的道理：自由终将战胜专制。为了支持这个道理，全书用了大量不同时期和地区的事例，范围广，跨度大，见功夫。第14章打破僵局最后一节中国大陆的复兴有大幅删节。作者以超强的后见之明总结了社会想发展的关键因素，指出了一般规律是什么。但聪明的读者应该明白，知晓规律和实践真知是两回事，就像作者在全书结尾的坦言：“能否开启这个过程，将依赖于经济和政治制度的历史，依赖于许多起作用的微小差别，依赖于非常偶然的历史路径。”满怀热忱的读者不免会失望，但全书丰富的事例已足以佐证自由终究会赢，心中的信念被结实有力地确认，已不应要求更多。未来，一切自有神意。四星半。
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李二公子@心空万物，因果由然2018-08-06阿毛鲁这本书实在有点太过简单了，不如直接读论文。
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[已注销]2013-04-26At the time of the Industrial Revolution, in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the political map of Europe was quite different from how it is today. The Holy Roman Empire, a patchwork quilt of more than four hundred polities, most of which would eventually coalesce into Germany, occupied most of Central Europe. The House of Habsburg was still a major political force, and its empire, known as the Habsburg or Austro-Hungarian Empire, spread over a vast area of around 250,000 square miles, even if it no longer included Spain, after the Bourbons had taken over the Spanish throne in 1700. In terms of population, it was the third-largest state in Europe and comprised oneseventh of the population of Europe. In the late eighteenth century the Habsburg lands included, in the west, what...
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[已注销]2013-04-26The merger of the crowns of Castile and Aragon and subsequent dynastic marriages and inheritances created a European superstate. Isabella died in 1504, and her daughter Joanna was crowned queen of Castile. Joanna was married to Philip of the House of Habsburg, the son of the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, Maximilian I. In 1516 Charles, Joanna and Philip’s son, was crowned Charles I of Castile and Aragon. When his father died, Charles inherited the Netherlands and Franche-Comté, which he added to his territories in Iberia and the Americas. In 1519, when Maximilian I died, Charles also inherited the Habsburg territories in Germany and became Emperor Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire. What had been a merger of two Spanish kingdoms in 1492 became a multicontinental empire, and Charles cont...
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[已注销]2013-04-26But there were other ways to influence Parliament and thus economic institutions. The most important was via petitioning, and this was much more significant than the limited extent of democracy for the emergence of pluralism after the Glorious Revolution. Anybody could petition Parliament, and petition they did. Significantly, when people petitioned, Parliament listened. It is this more than anything that reflects the defeat of absolutism, the empowerment of a fairly broad segment of society, and the rise of pluralism in England after 1688. The frantic petitioning activity shows that it was indeed such a broad group in society, far beyond those sitting or even being represented in Parliament, that had the power to influence the way the state worked. And they used it.Along with this new lo...
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